Tools

LEADER 15236cam 2200493Ia 4500

001 ocn724644558;

003 OCoLC;

005 20141212015738.0;

008 110510s2011 gw b 001 0 eng d;

019 a| 762073388;

020 a| 9783527324514;

020 a| 3527324518;

029 1 a| AU@b| 000048055350;

029 1 a| HEBISb| 277271223;

029 1 a| NZ1b| 14001506;

035 a| (Sirsi) o724644558;

035 a| (OCoLC)724644558z| (OCoLC)762073388;

049 a| EREE;

082 04 a| 660.2842452| 22/ger8| 1\xq| DE-101;

090 a| TP159.M4b| S77 2011;

100 1 a| Strathmann, H.=| ^A1066858;

245 10 a| Introduction to membrane science and technology /c| Heinrich Strathmann.;

300 a| xxiii, 473 pages :b| illustrations ;c| 25 cm;

336 a| text2| rdacontent;

337 a| unmediated2| rdamedia;

338 a| volume2| rdacarrier;

504 a| Includes bibliographical references and index.;

505 0 a| Fundamentals -- Membrane preparation and characterization -- Principles of membrane separation processes -- Membrane modules and concentration polarization -- Membrane process design and operation. 1.Introduction -- 1.1.Overview of Membrane Science and Technology -- 1.2.History of Membrane Science and Technology -- 1.3.Advantages and Limitations of Membrane Processes -- 1.4.The Membrane-Based Industry: Its Structure and Markets -- 1.5.Future Developments in Membrane Science and Technology -- 1.5.1.Biological Membranes -- 1.6.Summary -- Recommended Reading -- References -- 2.Fundamentals -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Definition of Terms -- 2.2.1.The Membrane and Its Function -- 2.2.2.Membrane Materials and Membrane Structures -- 2.2.2.A Symmetric and Asymmetric Membranes -- 2.2.2.2.Porous Membranes -- 2.2.2.3.Homogeneous Dense Membranes -- 2.2.2.4.Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 2.2.2.5.Liquid Membranes -- 2.2.2.6.Fixed Carrier Membranes -- 2.2.2.7.Other Membranes -- 2.2.2.8.Membrane Geometries -- 2.2.3.Mass Transport in Membranes -- 2.2.4.Membrane Separation Properties -- 2.2.5.Definition of Various Membrane Processes -- 2.2.5.1.Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes -- 2.2.5.2.Activity and Concentration Gradient Driven Membrane Processes -- 2.2.5.3.Electrical Potential and Electrochemical Potential Driven Processes -- 2.3.Fundamentals of Mass Transport in Membranes and Membrane Processes -- 2.3.1.Basic Thermodynamic Relationships with Relevance to Membrane Processes -- 2.3.2.Basic Electrochemical Relationships with Relevance to Membrane Processes -- 2.3.2.1.Electron and Ion Conductivity and Ohm's Law -- 2.3.2.2.Ion Conductivity, Ion Mobility, and Drift Speed -- 2.3.2.3.Coulomb's Law and the Electric Field Effect on Ions in Solution -- 2.3.2.4.The Electric Field Effect in Electrolyte Solutions and the Debye-Hückel Theory -- 2.3.2.5.Electrical Dipoles and Intermolecular Forces -- 2.3.3.Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium in Membrane Systems -- 2.3.3.1.Water Dissociation Equilibrium and the pH- and pK Values of Acids and Bases -- 2.3.3.2.Osmotic Equilibrium, Osmotic Pressure, Osmosis, and Reverse Osmosis -- 2.3.3.3.The Electrochemical Equilibrium and the Donnan Potential between a Membrane and a Solution -- 2.3.3.4.The Donnan Exclusion of the Co-ions -- 2.3.4.Fluxes and Driving Forces in Membrane Processes -- 2.3.4.1.Viscous Flow through Porous Membranes -- 2.3.4.2.Diffusion in Liquids and Dense Membranes -- 2.3.4.3.Diffusion in Solid or Dense Materials -- 2.3.4.4.Ion Flux and Electrical Current -- 2.3.4.5.Diffusion of Ions in an Electrolyte Solution -- 2.3.4.6.Ion Mobility and Ion Radius in Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.4.7.Migration of Ions and the Electrical Current -- 2.3.4.8.The Transport Number and the Permselectivity of Ion-exchange Membranes -- 2.3.4.9.Interdependence of Fluxes and Driving Forces -- 2.3.4.10.Gas Flux through Porous Membranes, the Knudsen and Surface Diffusion and Molecular Sieving -- 2.3.4.11.Surface Diffusion and Capillary Condensation of Gases -- 2.4.Mathematical Description of Mass Transport in Membranes -- 2.4.1.Mass Transport Described by the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes -- 2.4.2.Mass Transport Described by the Stefan-Maxwell Equations -- 2.4.3.Membrane Mass Transport Models -- 2.4.3.1.The Solution-Diffusion Model -- 2.4.3.2.The Pore Flow Model and the Membrane Cut-off -- References -- 3.Membrane Preparation and Characterization -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.2.Membrane Materials -- 3.2.1.Polymeric Membrane Materials -- 3.2.1.1.The Physical State of a Polymer -- 3.2.1.2.Crystallinity and Glass Transition Temperature -- 3.2.1.3.The Glass Transition Temperature and the Free Volume -- 3.2.1.4.Molecular Weight of a Polymer Chain -- 3.2.1.5.Macroscopic Structures of Polymers -- 3.2.1.6.Polymer Chain Interaction and Its Effect on Physical Properties -- 3.2.1.7.The Chemical Structure of the Polymer and Its Effect on Polymer Properties -- 3.2.2.Inorganic Membrane Materials -- 3.2.2.1.Metal Membranes -- 3.2.2.2.Glass Membranes -- 3.2.2.3.Carbon Membranes -- 3.2.2.4.Metal Oxide Membranes -- 3.2.3.Liquid Membrane Materials -- 3.3.Preparation of Membranes -- 3.3.1.Preparation of Symmetric Porous Membranes -- 3.3.1.1.Isotropic Membranes Made by Sintering of Powders, Stretching of Films, and Template Leaching -- 3.3.1.2.Membranes Made by Pressing and Sintering of Polymer Powders -- 3.3.1.3.Membranes Made by Stretching a Polymer Film of Partial Crystallinity -- 3.3.1.4.Membranes Made by Track-Etching -- 3.3.1.5.Membranes Made by Micro-Lithography and Etching Techniques -- 3.3.1.6.Glass Membranes Made by Template Leaching -- 3.3.1.7.Porous Graphite Membranes Made by Pyrolyzing Polymer Structures -- 3.3.1.8.Symmetric Porous Polymer Membranes Made by Phase Inversion Techniques -- 3.3.2.Preparation of Asymmetric Membranes -- 3.3.2.1.Preparation of Integral Asymmetric Membranes -- 3.3.3.Practical Membrane Preparation by Phase Inversion -- 3.3.3.1.Temperature-Induced Membrane Preparation -- 3.3.3.2.Diffusion-Induced Membrane Preparation -- 3.3.4.Phenomenological Description of the Phase Separation Process -- 3.3.4.1.Temperature-Induced Phase Separation Process -- 3.3.4.2.Thermodynamics of a Temperature-Induced Phase Separation of a Two-Component Mixture -- 3.3.4.3.The Diffusion-Induced Phase Separation Process -- 3.3.4.4.Structures of Asymmetric Membranes Obtained by Phase Inversion -- 3.3.4.5.Identification of Various Process Parameters in the Preparation of Phase Inversion Membranes -- 3.3.4.6.General Observation Concerning the Structure of Phase Inversion Membranes -- 3.3.4.7.The Selection of a Polymer/Solvent/Precipitant System for the Preparation of Membranes -- 3.3.4.8.Membrane Pre- and Post-Precipitation Treatment -- 3.3.5.Preparation of Composite Membranes -- 3.3.5.1.Techniques Used for the Preparation of Polymeric Composite Membranes -- 3.3.6.Preparation of Inorganic Membranes -- 3.3.6.1.Suspension Coating and the Sol-Gel Process -- 3.3.6.2.Perovskite Membranes -- 3.3.6.3.Zeolite Membranes -- 3.3.6.4.Porous Carbon Membranes -- 3.3.6.5.Porous Glass Membranes -- 3.3.7.Preparation of Homogeneous Solid Membranes -- 3.3.7.1.Preparation of Liquid Membranes -- 3.3.7.2.Preparation of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.Membrane Characterization -- 3.4.1.Characterization of Porous Membranes -- 3.4.1.1.Techniques using Microscopy -- 3.4.1.2.Determination of Micro-and Ultrafiltration Membrane Fluxes -- 3.4.1.3.Membrane Retention and Molecular Weight Cut-Off -- 3.4.1.4.The Bacterial Challenge Test -- 3.4.2.Membrane Pore Size Determination -- 3.4.2.1.Air/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Displacement -- 3.4.2.2.The Bubble Point Method and Gas Liquid Porosimetry -- 3.4.2.3.Liquid/Liquid Displacement -- 3.4.2.4.Permporometry -- 3.4.2.5.Thermoporometry -- 3.4.3.Characterization of Dense Membranes -- 3.4.3.1.Determination of Diffusivity in Dense Membranes -- 3.4.3.2.Long-Term Stability of Membranes -- 3.4.4.Determination of Electrochemical Properties of Membranes -- 3.4.4.1.Hydraulic Permeability of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.2.The Fixed Charge Density of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.3.Determination of the Electrical Resistance of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.4.A Membrane Resistance Measurements by Impedance Spectroscopy -- 3.4.4.5.Permselectivity of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.6.Membrane Permeation Selectivity for Different Counter-ions -- 3.4.4.7.Water Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.8.Characterization of Special Property Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.9.The Mechanical Properties of Membranes -- References -- 4.Principles of Membrane Separation Processes -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.The Principle of Membrane Filtration Processes -- 4.2.1.The Principle of Microfiltration -- 4.2.2.The Principle of Ultrafiltration -- 4.2.3.The Principle of Nanofiltration -- 4.2.4.The Principle of Reverse Osmosis -- 4.2.4.1.The Reverse Osmosis Mass Transport Described by the Solution-Diffusion Model -- 4.2.4.2.Reverse Osmosis Transport Described by the Phenomenological Equations -- 4.2.4.3.The Water and Salt Distribution in a Polymer Matrix and the Cluster Function -- 4.3.The Principle of Gas and Vapor Separation -- 4.3.1.Gas Separation by Knudsen Diffusion -- 4.3.2.Gas Separation by Surface Diffusion and Molecular Sieving -- 4.3.3.Gas Transport in a Dense Polymer Matrix -- 4.3.4.The Principle of Pervaporation -- 4.3.4.1.Material Selection for the Preparation of Pervaporation Membranes -- 4.4.The Principle of Dialysis -- 4.4.1.Mass Transport of Components Carrying No Electrical Charges in Dialysis -- 4.4.2.Dialysis Mass Transport of Electrolytes in a Membrane without Fixed Ions -- 4.4.3.Dialysis of Electrolytes with Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 4.5.The Principle of Electromembrane Processes -- 4.5.1.Electrodialysis and Related Processes -- 4.5.1.1.Mass Transport in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.2.Electrical Current and Ion Fluxes in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.3.The Transport Number and Membrane Permselectivity -- 4.5.1.4.Membrane Counter-Ion Permselectivity -- 4.5.1.5.Water Transport in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.6.Current Efficiency in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.7.Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes -- 4.5.1.8.Continuous Electrodeionization -- 4.5.1.9.Capacitive Deionization -- 4.5.1.10.Energy Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis -- 4.5.2.Electrochemical Synthesis with Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 4.5.3.Ion-Exchange Membranes in Energy Storage and Conversion -- 4.6.The Principle of Membrane Contactors -- 4.6.1.Membrane Contactors Separating a Hydrophobic from a Hydrophilic Phase -- 4.6.2.Membrane Contactors Used to Separate Two Immiscible Liquid Phases -- 4.6.3.Membrane Contactors Separating a Liquid from a Gas Phase -- 4.6.4.Membrane Distillation -- 4.6.5.Osmotic Distillation -- 4.6.6.Supported Liquid Membranes and Facilitated Transport -- 4.6.7.Counter-Current Coupled Facilitated Transport -- 4.7.Membrane Reactors -- 4.7.1.Membrane Emulsifier -- 4.8.Membrane-Based Controlled Release of Active Agents -- References --;

505 0 a| 5.Membrane Modules and Concentration Polarization -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Membrane Modules -- 5.2.1.Membrane Holding Devices in Laboratory and Small-Scale Applications -- 5.2.1.1.The Stirred Batch Cell -- 5.2.1.2.The Sealed Membrane Point-of-Use Filter -- 5.2.1.3.The Plate-and-Frame Membrane Module -- 5.2.2.Industrial-Type Membrane Modules for Large Capacity Applications -- 5.2.2.1.The Pleated Filter Membrane Cartridge -- 5.2.2.2.The Spiral-Wound Module -- 5.2.2.3.The Tubular Membrane Module -- 5.2.2.4.The Capillary Membrane Module -- 5.2.2.5.The Hollow Fiber Membrane Module -- 5.2.3.Other Membrane Modules -- 5.2.3.1.Membrane Modules Used in Electrodialysis and in Dialysis -- 5.3.Concentration Polarization and Membrane Fouling -- 5.3.1.Concentration Polarization in Filtration Processes -- 5.3.1.1.Concentration Polarization without Solute Precipitation -- 5.3.1.2.Concentration Polarization in Turbulent Flow Described by the Film Model -- 5.3.1.3.Concentration Polarization in Laminar Flow Membrane Devices -- 5.3.1.4.Rigorous Analysis of Concentration Polarization -- 5.3.1.5.Membrane Flux Decline due to Concentration Polarization without Solute Precipitation -- 5.3.1.6.Concentration Polarization with Solute Precipitation at the Membrane Surface -- 5.3.2.Concentration Polarization in Other Membrane Separation Processes -- 5.3.2.1.Concentration Polarization in Dialysis and Electrodialysis -- 5.3.2.2.Concentration Polarization in Electrodialysis -- 5.3.2.3.Concentration Polarization in Gas Separation -- 5.3.2.4.Concentration Polarization in Pervaporation -- 5.3.3.Membrane Fouling and Its Causes and Consequences -- 5.3.3.1.Prevention of Membrane Fouling 3 75 References -- 6.Membrane Process Design and Operation -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Membrane Filtration Processes -- 6.2.1.Recovery Rate, Membrane Rejection, Retentate, and Filtrate Concentrations -- 6.2.1.1.Solute Losses in Membrane Filtration Processes -- 6.2.1.2.Operation Modes in Filtration Processes -- 6.2.1.3.Reverse Osmosis Process Design -- 6.2.1.A Stages and Cascades in Membrane Filtration -- 6.2.1.5.Ultra- and Microfiltration Process Design -- 6.2.1.6.Ultrafiltration Process Design -- 6.2.1.7.Diafiltration -- 6.2.2.Costs of Membrane Filtration Processes -- 6.2.2.1.Energy Requirements in Filtration Processes -- 6.2.2.2.Investment- and Maintenance-Related Costs in Filtration Processes -- 6.3.Gas Separation -- 6.3.1.Gas Separation Process Design and Operation -- 6.3.1.1.Staging in Gas Separation and the Reflux Cascade -- 6.3.2.Energy Consumption and Cost of Gas Separation -- 6.4.Pervaporation -- 6.4.1.Pervaporation Modes of Operation -- 6.4.1.1.Staging and Cascades in Pervaporation -- 6.4.2.Pervaporation Energy Consumption and Process Costs -- 6.5.Dialysis -- 6.5.1.Dialysis Process and System Design -- 6.5.1.1.Dialyzer Membrane Module Constructions -- 6.5.2.Process Costs in Dialysis -- 6.6.Electrodialysis and Related Processes -- 6.6.1.Process Design in Conventional Electrodialysis -- 6.6.1.1.Operation of the Electrodialysis Stacks in a Desalination Plant -- 6.6.2.Process Costs in Electrodialysis -- References.;

520 a| "The objective of this book is to provide a short but reasonably comprehensive introduction to membrane science and technology suitable for graduate students and persons with engineering or natural science background to gain a basic understanding of membranes, their function and application without studying a large number of different reference books."--P. xiii.;

650 0 a| Membranes (Technology)=| ^A89343;

949 a| TP159.M4 S77 2011h| JOYNER48o| jmpli| 30372016409739;

938 a| Baker and Taylorb| BTCPn| BK0009820388;

938 a| YBP Library Servicesb| YANKn| 100570533;

938 a| Coutts Information Servicesb| COUTn| 17502031;

938 a| Blackwell Book Serviceb| BBUSn| 100570533;

938 a| Otto Harrassowitzb| HARRn| har100165609;

938 a| Brodartb| BRODn| 13441868c| $105.00;

994 a| C0b| ERE;

596 a| 1;

998 a| 2969213;

999 a| TP159.M4 S77 2011w| LCc| 1i| 30372016409739d| 10/12/2020e| 11/21/2019l| JGESm| JOYNERn| 2r| Ys| Yt| JGESBKu| 4/18/2012x| BOOKz| JSTACKSo| .STAFF. jmpl;

Introduction to membrane science and technology / Heinrich Strathmann.

Author/creator	Strathmann, H.
Format	Book
Publication Info	Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co., ©2011.
Description	xxiii, 473 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm
Subjects	Membranes (Technology)

Contents	Fundamentals -- Membrane preparation and characterization -- Principles of membrane separation processes -- Membrane modules and concentration polarization -- Membrane process design and operation. 1.Introduction -- 1.1.Overview of Membrane Science and Technology -- 1.2.History of Membrane Science and Technology -- 1.3.Advantages and Limitations of Membrane Processes -- 1.4.The Membrane-Based Industry: Its Structure and Markets -- 1.5.Future Developments in Membrane Science and Technology -- 1.5.1.Biological Membranes -- 1.6.Summary -- Recommended Reading -- References -- 2.Fundamentals -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Definition of Terms -- 2.2.1.The Membrane and Its Function -- 2.2.2.Membrane Materials and Membrane Structures -- 2.2.2.A Symmetric and Asymmetric Membranes -- 2.2.2.2.Porous Membranes -- 2.2.2.3.Homogeneous Dense Membranes -- 2.2.2.4.Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 2.2.2.5.Liquid Membranes -- 2.2.2.6.Fixed Carrier Membranes -- 2.2.2.7.Other Membranes -- 2.2.2.8.Membrane Geometries -- 2.2.3.Mass Transport in Membranes -- 2.2.4.Membrane Separation Properties -- 2.2.5.Definition of Various Membrane Processes -- 2.2.5.1.Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes -- 2.2.5.2.Activity and Concentration Gradient Driven Membrane Processes -- 2.2.5.3.Electrical Potential and Electrochemical Potential Driven Processes -- 2.3.Fundamentals of Mass Transport in Membranes and Membrane Processes -- 2.3.1.Basic Thermodynamic Relationships with Relevance to Membrane Processes -- 2.3.2.Basic Electrochemical Relationships with Relevance to Membrane Processes -- 2.3.2.1.Electron and Ion Conductivity and Ohm's Law -- 2.3.2.2.Ion Conductivity, Ion Mobility, and Drift Speed -- 2.3.2.3.Coulomb's Law and the Electric Field Effect on Ions in Solution -- 2.3.2.4.The Electric Field Effect in Electrolyte Solutions and the Debye-Hückel Theory -- 2.3.2.5.Electrical Dipoles and Intermolecular Forces -- 2.3.3.Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium in Membrane Systems -- 2.3.3.1.Water Dissociation Equilibrium and the pH- and pK Values of Acids and Bases -- 2.3.3.2.Osmotic Equilibrium, Osmotic Pressure, Osmosis, and Reverse Osmosis -- 2.3.3.3.The Electrochemical Equilibrium and the Donnan Potential between a Membrane and a Solution -- 2.3.3.4.The Donnan Exclusion of the Co-ions -- 2.3.4.Fluxes and Driving Forces in Membrane Processes -- 2.3.4.1.Viscous Flow through Porous Membranes -- 2.3.4.2.Diffusion in Liquids and Dense Membranes -- 2.3.4.3.Diffusion in Solid or Dense Materials -- 2.3.4.4.Ion Flux and Electrical Current -- 2.3.4.5.Diffusion of Ions in an Electrolyte Solution -- 2.3.4.6.Ion Mobility and Ion Radius in Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.4.7.Migration of Ions and the Electrical Current -- 2.3.4.8.The Transport Number and the Permselectivity of Ion-exchange Membranes -- 2.3.4.9.Interdependence of Fluxes and Driving Forces -- 2.3.4.10.Gas Flux through Porous Membranes, the Knudsen and Surface Diffusion and Molecular Sieving -- 2.3.4.11.Surface Diffusion and Capillary Condensation of Gases -- 2.4.Mathematical Description of Mass Transport in Membranes -- 2.4.1.Mass Transport Described by the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes -- 2.4.2.Mass Transport Described by the Stefan-Maxwell Equations -- 2.4.3.Membrane Mass Transport Models -- 2.4.3.1.The Solution-Diffusion Model -- 2.4.3.2.The Pore Flow Model and the Membrane Cut-off -- References -- 3.Membrane Preparation and Characterization -- 3.1.Introduction -- 3.2.Membrane Materials -- 3.2.1.Polymeric Membrane Materials -- 3.2.1.1.The Physical State of a Polymer -- 3.2.1.2.Crystallinity and Glass Transition Temperature -- 3.2.1.3.The Glass Transition Temperature and the Free Volume -- 3.2.1.4.Molecular Weight of a Polymer Chain -- 3.2.1.5.Macroscopic Structures of Polymers -- 3.2.1.6.Polymer Chain Interaction and Its Effect on Physical Properties -- 3.2.1.7.The Chemical Structure of the Polymer and Its Effect on Polymer Properties -- 3.2.2.Inorganic Membrane Materials -- 3.2.2.1.Metal Membranes -- 3.2.2.2.Glass Membranes -- 3.2.2.3.Carbon Membranes -- 3.2.2.4.Metal Oxide Membranes -- 3.2.3.Liquid Membrane Materials -- 3.3.Preparation of Membranes -- 3.3.1.Preparation of Symmetric Porous Membranes -- 3.3.1.1.Isotropic Membranes Made by Sintering of Powders, Stretching of Films, and Template Leaching -- 3.3.1.2.Membranes Made by Pressing and Sintering of Polymer Powders -- 3.3.1.3.Membranes Made by Stretching a Polymer Film of Partial Crystallinity -- 3.3.1.4.Membranes Made by Track-Etching -- 3.3.1.5.Membranes Made by Micro-Lithography and Etching Techniques -- 3.3.1.6.Glass Membranes Made by Template Leaching -- 3.3.1.7.Porous Graphite Membranes Made by Pyrolyzing Polymer Structures -- 3.3.1.8.Symmetric Porous Polymer Membranes Made by Phase Inversion Techniques -- 3.3.2.Preparation of Asymmetric Membranes -- 3.3.2.1.Preparation of Integral Asymmetric Membranes -- 3.3.3.Practical Membrane Preparation by Phase Inversion -- 3.3.3.1.Temperature-Induced Membrane Preparation -- 3.3.3.2.Diffusion-Induced Membrane Preparation -- 3.3.4.Phenomenological Description of the Phase Separation Process -- 3.3.4.1.Temperature-Induced Phase Separation Process -- 3.3.4.2.Thermodynamics of a Temperature-Induced Phase Separation of a Two-Component Mixture -- 3.3.4.3.The Diffusion-Induced Phase Separation Process -- 3.3.4.4.Structures of Asymmetric Membranes Obtained by Phase Inversion -- 3.3.4.5.Identification of Various Process Parameters in the Preparation of Phase Inversion Membranes -- 3.3.4.6.General Observation Concerning the Structure of Phase Inversion Membranes -- 3.3.4.7.The Selection of a Polymer/Solvent/Precipitant System for the Preparation of Membranes -- 3.3.4.8.Membrane Pre- and Post-Precipitation Treatment -- 3.3.5.Preparation of Composite Membranes -- 3.3.5.1.Techniques Used for the Preparation of Polymeric Composite Membranes -- 3.3.6.Preparation of Inorganic Membranes -- 3.3.6.1.Suspension Coating and the Sol-Gel Process -- 3.3.6.2.Perovskite Membranes -- 3.3.6.3.Zeolite Membranes -- 3.3.6.4.Porous Carbon Membranes -- 3.3.6.5.Porous Glass Membranes -- 3.3.7.Preparation of Homogeneous Solid Membranes -- 3.3.7.1.Preparation of Liquid Membranes -- 3.3.7.2.Preparation of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.Membrane Characterization -- 3.4.1.Characterization of Porous Membranes -- 3.4.1.1.Techniques using Microscopy -- 3.4.1.2.Determination of Micro-and Ultrafiltration Membrane Fluxes -- 3.4.1.3.Membrane Retention and Molecular Weight Cut-Off -- 3.4.1.4.The Bacterial Challenge Test -- 3.4.2.Membrane Pore Size Determination -- 3.4.2.1.Air/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Displacement -- 3.4.2.2.The Bubble Point Method and Gas Liquid Porosimetry -- 3.4.2.3.Liquid/Liquid Displacement -- 3.4.2.4.Permporometry -- 3.4.2.5.Thermoporometry -- 3.4.3.Characterization of Dense Membranes -- 3.4.3.1.Determination of Diffusivity in Dense Membranes -- 3.4.3.2.Long-Term Stability of Membranes -- 3.4.4.Determination of Electrochemical Properties of Membranes -- 3.4.4.1.Hydraulic Permeability of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.2.The Fixed Charge Density of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.3.Determination of the Electrical Resistance of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.4.A Membrane Resistance Measurements by Impedance Spectroscopy -- 3.4.4.5.Permselectivity of Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.6.Membrane Permeation Selectivity for Different Counter-ions -- 3.4.4.7.Water Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.8.Characterization of Special Property Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 3.4.4.9.The Mechanical Properties of Membranes -- References -- 4.Principles of Membrane Separation Processes -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.The Principle of Membrane Filtration Processes -- 4.2.1.The Principle of Microfiltration -- 4.2.2.The Principle of Ultrafiltration -- 4.2.3.The Principle of Nanofiltration -- 4.2.4.The Principle of Reverse Osmosis -- 4.2.4.1.The Reverse Osmosis Mass Transport Described by the Solution-Diffusion Model -- 4.2.4.2.Reverse Osmosis Transport Described by the Phenomenological Equations -- 4.2.4.3.The Water and Salt Distribution in a Polymer Matrix and the Cluster Function -- 4.3.The Principle of Gas and Vapor Separation -- 4.3.1.Gas Separation by Knudsen Diffusion -- 4.3.2.Gas Separation by Surface Diffusion and Molecular Sieving -- 4.3.3.Gas Transport in a Dense Polymer Matrix -- 4.3.4.The Principle of Pervaporation -- 4.3.4.1.Material Selection for the Preparation of Pervaporation Membranes -- 4.4.The Principle of Dialysis -- 4.4.1.Mass Transport of Components Carrying No Electrical Charges in Dialysis -- 4.4.2.Dialysis Mass Transport of Electrolytes in a Membrane without Fixed Ions -- 4.4.3.Dialysis of Electrolytes with Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 4.5.The Principle of Electromembrane Processes -- 4.5.1.Electrodialysis and Related Processes -- 4.5.1.1.Mass Transport in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.2.Electrical Current and Ion Fluxes in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.3.The Transport Number and Membrane Permselectivity -- 4.5.1.4.Membrane Counter-Ion Permselectivity -- 4.5.1.5.Water Transport in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.6.Current Efficiency in Electrodialysis -- 4.5.1.7.Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes -- 4.5.1.8.Continuous Electrodeionization -- 4.5.1.9.Capacitive Deionization -- 4.5.1.10.Energy Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis -- 4.5.2.Electrochemical Synthesis with Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 4.5.3.Ion-Exchange Membranes in Energy Storage and Conversion -- 4.6.The Principle of Membrane Contactors -- 4.6.1.Membrane Contactors Separating a Hydrophobic from a Hydrophilic Phase -- 4.6.2.Membrane Contactors Used to Separate Two Immiscible Liquid Phases -- 4.6.3.Membrane Contactors Separating a Liquid from a Gas Phase -- 4.6.4.Membrane Distillation -- 4.6.5.Osmotic Distillation -- 4.6.6.Supported Liquid Membranes and Facilitated Transport -- 4.6.7.Counter-Current Coupled Facilitated Transport -- 4.7.Membrane Reactors -- 4.7.1.Membrane Emulsifier -- 4.8.Membrane-Based Controlled Release of Active Agents -- References --
Contents	5.Membrane Modules and Concentration Polarization -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Membrane Modules -- 5.2.1.Membrane Holding Devices in Laboratory and Small-Scale Applications -- 5.2.1.1.The Stirred Batch Cell -- 5.2.1.2.The Sealed Membrane Point-of-Use Filter -- 5.2.1.3.The Plate-and-Frame Membrane Module -- 5.2.2.Industrial-Type Membrane Modules for Large Capacity Applications -- 5.2.2.1.The Pleated Filter Membrane Cartridge -- 5.2.2.2.The Spiral-Wound Module -- 5.2.2.3.The Tubular Membrane Module -- 5.2.2.4.The Capillary Membrane Module -- 5.2.2.5.The Hollow Fiber Membrane Module -- 5.2.3.Other Membrane Modules -- 5.2.3.1.Membrane Modules Used in Electrodialysis and in Dialysis -- 5.3.Concentration Polarization and Membrane Fouling -- 5.3.1.Concentration Polarization in Filtration Processes -- 5.3.1.1.Concentration Polarization without Solute Precipitation -- 5.3.1.2.Concentration Polarization in Turbulent Flow Described by the Film Model -- 5.3.1.3.Concentration Polarization in Laminar Flow Membrane Devices -- 5.3.1.4.Rigorous Analysis of Concentration Polarization -- 5.3.1.5.Membrane Flux Decline due to Concentration Polarization without Solute Precipitation -- 5.3.1.6.Concentration Polarization with Solute Precipitation at the Membrane Surface -- 5.3.2.Concentration Polarization in Other Membrane Separation Processes -- 5.3.2.1.Concentration Polarization in Dialysis and Electrodialysis -- 5.3.2.2.Concentration Polarization in Electrodialysis -- 5.3.2.3.Concentration Polarization in Gas Separation -- 5.3.2.4.Concentration Polarization in Pervaporation -- 5.3.3.Membrane Fouling and Its Causes and Consequences -- 5.3.3.1.Prevention of Membrane Fouling 3 75 References -- 6.Membrane Process Design and Operation -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Membrane Filtration Processes -- 6.2.1.Recovery Rate, Membrane Rejection, Retentate, and Filtrate Concentrations -- 6.2.1.1.Solute Losses in Membrane Filtration Processes -- 6.2.1.2.Operation Modes in Filtration Processes -- 6.2.1.3.Reverse Osmosis Process Design -- 6.2.1.A Stages and Cascades in Membrane Filtration -- 6.2.1.5.Ultra- and Microfiltration Process Design -- 6.2.1.6.Ultrafiltration Process Design -- 6.2.1.7.Diafiltration -- 6.2.2.Costs of Membrane Filtration Processes -- 6.2.2.1.Energy Requirements in Filtration Processes -- 6.2.2.2.Investment- and Maintenance-Related Costs in Filtration Processes -- 6.3.Gas Separation -- 6.3.1.Gas Separation Process Design and Operation -- 6.3.1.1.Staging in Gas Separation and the Reflux Cascade -- 6.3.2.Energy Consumption and Cost of Gas Separation -- 6.4.Pervaporation -- 6.4.1.Pervaporation Modes of Operation -- 6.4.1.1.Staging and Cascades in Pervaporation -- 6.4.2.Pervaporation Energy Consumption and Process Costs -- 6.5.Dialysis -- 6.5.1.Dialysis Process and System Design -- 6.5.1.1.Dialyzer Membrane Module Constructions -- 6.5.2.Process Costs in Dialysis -- 6.6.Electrodialysis and Related Processes -- 6.6.1.Process Design in Conventional Electrodialysis -- 6.6.1.1.Operation of the Electrodialysis Stacks in a Desalination Plant -- 6.6.2.Process Costs in Electrodialysis -- References.
Abstract	"The objective of this book is to provide a short but reasonably comprehensive introduction to membrane science and technology suitable for graduate students and persons with engineering or natural science background to gain a basic understanding of membranes, their function and application without studying a large number of different reference books."--P. xiii.
Bibliography note	Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN	9783527324514
ISBN	3527324518

Availability

Library	Location	Call Number	Status	Item Actions
Joyner	General Stacks	TP159.M4 S77 2011	✔ Available	Place Hold

Introduction to membrane science and technology / Heinrich Strathmann.

Click here for more information about this title

Availability