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035 a| (Sirsi) o1037952171;

035 a| (OCoLC)1037952171;

049 a| EREE;

050 0 a| RA640;

100 1 a| Knecht, Heidi,e| author.=| ^A358960;

245 10 a| Impact of mosquito age and insecticide exposure on vector competence of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Zika virus /c| by Heidi Knecht.;

264 1 a| [Greenville, N.C.] :b| [East Carolina University],c| 2018.;

300 a| 59 pages;

336 a| textb| txt2| rdacontent;

337 a| computerb| c2| rdamedia;

338 a| online resourceb| cr2| rdacarrier;

347 a| text fileb| PDFc| 775.4 KB2| rda;

538 a| System requirements: Adobe Reader.;

538 a| Mode of access: World Wide Web.;

502 b| M.S.c| East Carolina Universityd| 2018.;

504 a| Includes bibliographical references.;

500 a| Presented to the faculty of Department of Health Education and Promotion;

500 a| Advisor: Stephanie Richards;

500 a| Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 23, 2018).;

520 3 a| Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause birth defects in humans and is a serious global public health concern. This arbovirus is primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes; however, it can also be transmitted sexually and congenitally (from human to human). Vector-virus interactions influencing vector competence (the ability for a mosquito to become infected with and transmit a pathogen) vary and depend on biological (e.g., mosquito age) and environmental factors (e.g., temperature). A mosquito's chronological age at time of infection may impact its immune response against virus infection. There are no effective vaccines for most arboviruses, including ZIKV, hence insecticides are the best defense against mosquito transmitted ZIKV. Aedes albopictus is difficult to control due to its day-active nature and propensity to oviposit in containers throughout landscapes. However, residual barrier treatments can control Ae. albopictus and may use pyrethroid insecticides, such as bifenthrin. Since the efficacy of barrier spray treatments decreases over time due to environmental degradation, we characterized the extent to which sublethal bifenthrin exposure impacted vector competence for ZIKV. We exposed young (6-7 d post-emergence) and old (11-12 d post-emergence) Ae. albopictus to bifenthrin prior to oral exposure to blood meals containing ZIKV (7-day extrinsic incubation period). For this mosquito population, old mosquitoes experienced a significantly (P=0.0017) higher rate of mortality than young mosquitoes. Significantly (P=0.003) higher body titers were shown in old control group compared to young control group. Significantly (P=0.013, P=0.001) higher ZIKV dissemination rates and leg titers were observed in old bifenthrin-exposed mosquitoes compared to old control mosquitoes or young bifenthrin-exposed or control mosquitoes. This indicates that bifenthrin exposure may increase the potential for virus transmission (measured by proxy dissemination rate here); however, the degree of these impacts varies with mosquito age. Impacts of insecticides should be considered to improve risk assessments of potential vector populations.;

650 0 a| Mosquitoes as carriers of disease.=| ^A6807;

650 0 a| Insecticidesx| Physiological effect.=| ^A83641;

650 0 a| Zika virus.=| ^A1297237;

653 a| Vector Competence;

700 1 a| Richards, Stephanie L.,e| degree supervisor.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

710 2 a| East Carolina University.b| Department of Health Education and Promotion.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

856 40 z| Access via ScholarShipu| http://hdl.handle.net/10342/6747;

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596 a| 1 4;

998 a| 4867542;

999 a| CLICK ON WEB ADDRESSw| ASISc| 1i| 4867542-1001l| JNETm| JOYNERr| Ys| Yt| JNE3ETDu| 5/31/2018x| ETDz| JERESOURCE;

999 a| CLICK ON WEB ADDRESSw| ASISc| 1i| 4867542-2001l| HSLELECm| HSLr| Ys| Yt| HEETDu| 5/31/2018x| ETDz| HERESOURCE;

Impact of mosquito age and insecticide exposure on vector competence of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Zika virus / by Heidi Knecht.

Author/creator	Knecht, Heidi author.
Other author	Richards, Stephanie L., degree supervisor.
Other author	East Carolina University. Department of Health Education and Promotion.
Format	Theses and dissertations
Publication	[Greenville, N.C.] : [East Carolina University], 2018.
Description	59 pages
Supplemental Content	Access via ScholarShip
Subjects	Mosquitoes as carriers of disease. Insecticides--Physiological effect. Zika virus.

Summary	Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause birth defects in humans and is a serious global public health concern. This arbovirus is primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes; however, it can also be transmitted sexually and congenitally (from human to human). Vector-virus interactions influencing vector competence (the ability for a mosquito to become infected with and transmit a pathogen) vary and depend on biological (e.g., mosquito age) and environmental factors (e.g., temperature). A mosquito's chronological age at time of infection may impact its immune response against virus infection. There are no effective vaccines for most arboviruses, including ZIKV, hence insecticides are the best defense against mosquito transmitted ZIKV. Aedes albopictus is difficult to control due to its day-active nature and propensity to oviposit in containers throughout landscapes. However, residual barrier treatments can control Ae. albopictus and may use pyrethroid insecticides, such as bifenthrin. Since the efficacy of barrier spray treatments decreases over time due to environmental degradation, we characterized the extent to which sublethal bifenthrin exposure impacted vector competence for ZIKV. We exposed young (6-7 d post-emergence) and old (11-12 d post-emergence) Ae. albopictus to bifenthrin prior to oral exposure to blood meals containing ZIKV (7-day extrinsic incubation period). For this mosquito population, old mosquitoes experienced a significantly (P=0.0017) higher rate of mortality than young mosquitoes. Significantly (P=0.003) higher body titers were shown in old control group compared to young control group. Significantly (P=0.013, P=0.001) higher ZIKV dissemination rates and leg titers were observed in old bifenthrin-exposed mosquitoes compared to old control mosquitoes or young bifenthrin-exposed or control mosquitoes. This indicates that bifenthrin exposure may increase the potential for virus transmission (measured by proxy dissemination rate here); however, the degree of these impacts varies with mosquito age. Impacts of insecticides should be considered to improve risk assessments of potential vector populations.
General note	Presented to the faculty of Department of Health Education and Promotion
General note	Advisor: Stephanie Richards
General note	Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 23, 2018).
Dissertation note	M.S. East Carolina University 2018.
Bibliography note	Includes bibliographical references.
Technical details	System requirements: Adobe Reader.
Technical details	Mode of access: World Wide Web.

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Impact of mosquito age and insecticide exposure on vector competence of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Zika virus / by Heidi Knecht.

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