Essentials of spinal cord injury basic research to clinical practice / Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD, FRCSC, FACS, Professor of Neurosurgery Gerald and Toosie Halbert Chair in Neural Repair and Regeneration Director, Neuroscience Program Co-Chairman, Spinal Program University of Toronto Medical Director Krembil Neuroscience Centre Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Maxwell Boakye, MD, MPH, FACS, Ole A., Mabel Wise, and Wilma Wise Nelson, Endowed Research Chair, Associate Professor of Neurosurgery Center for Advanced Neurosurgey University of Louisville, Attending Neurosurgeon Robley Rex VA Hospital Louisville, Kentucky; John F. Ditunno Jr., MD, Professor Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Emeritus, Director The Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center of the Delaware Valley Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, The Everrett J. and Marion Gordon Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Professor of Neurosurgery, Co-Director, The Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center of the Delaware Valley, Co-Chief, Spine Surgery, Co-Director, Spine Fellowship Program, Thomas Jefferson University, The Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Serge Rossignol, MD, PhD, Department of Physiology Group de Recherche sur le Systeme Nerveux Central (FRSQ), Canada Research Chair on the Spinal Cord Universite de Montreal, SensiorMotor Rehabiltation Research Team of the CIHR, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Anthony S. Burns, MD, MSc, Associate Professor Division of Physiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Rehabilitation Institue University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada.