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003 OCoLC;

005 20250422153042.0;

008 991213s1999 xx ab bm 000 0 eng d;

035 a| (Sirsi) o42997137;

035 a| (OCoLC)42997137;

043 a| n-us-nc;

049 a| EREE;

050 4 a| QE699b| .R83 1999;

100 1 a| Rudolph, Greg L.,e| author.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

245 10 a| Holocene evolution of a drowned tributary estuary, Croatan Sound, North Carolina /c| by Greg L. Rudolph.;

264 0 c| 1999.;

300 a| ix, 237 leaves :b| illustrations (some color), color maps ;c| 28 cm;

336 a| textb| txt2| rdacontent;

337 a| unmediatedb| n2| rdamedia;

338 a| volumeb| nc2| rdacarrier;

502 b| M.S.c| East Carolina Universityd| 1999;

500 a| Submitted to the faculty of the Department of Geology.;

500 a| Advisor: Stanley R. Riggs;

520 3 a| Analysis of 42 vibracores, 100 km of seismic reflection data, 24 radiocarbon age dates supplemented with historical data and split-spoon cores from the North Carolina Department of Transportation in the drowned tributary of Croatan Sound, North Carolina permit development of a Holocene evolution model. Seismic sequence stratigraphic principles used in consort with litho- and chronstratigraphic data reveals a different Holocene evolution model than proposed in similar studies conducted in drowned trunk river settings. The Croatan Sound Holocene section contains five parasequences (PS-1 through PS-5) and four parasequence boundaries (PSB-1 through 4). PS-1 was deposited in a restricted estuary environment characterized by mud deposition until 5.5 ka BP. A pronounced erosional surface (PSB-2) separates PS-1 from PS-2 and developed in response to a stillstand or regressive episode from 5.5 - 5.2 ka BP. Deposition resumed as the barrier chain was severely breached causing free hydraulic exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and open bays landward that permitted sandy sediment deposition in Croatan Sound. As sea level continued to rise, a partial barrier island chain was emplaced, allowing semi-restricted estuarine conditions to develop during the later stages of PS-2. A long term (-1100 years) sea-level decline caused an erosive episode following PS-2, from -3.2 - 2.1 ka BP (PSB-3). Basal sediments in PS-3 (2.1 - 1.4 ka BP) contain tidal-driven sedimentary structures that grade upward into massive sediments, suggesting that an open estuarine environment gave way to quiescent conditions in a restricted estuary. PS-5 represents the development of the Roanoke Marshes, a drowned upland feature whose development overlaps the timing designated for channel parasequences and parasequence boundaries. PSB-4 represents a single surface caused by erosive episodes from 1.4 - 0.4 ka BP and 0.13 ka BP - present that incises PS-2, 3 and 5. The later erosive episode was caused by diversion of the Albemarle drainage into Croatan Sound and has increased basin scour rates causing erosion of older parasequences to produce a residual surficial sand sheet (PS-4) that covers most of the soundfloor. This thin, ephemeral sand sheet (PS-4) is resuspended with the onset of high energy events.;

504 a| Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-166).;

650 0 a| Geology, Stratigraphicy| Holocene.=| ^A224336;

651 0 a| Croatan Sound (N.C.)=| ^A1181768;

650 7 a| Geology, Stratigraphic.2| fast0| (OCoLC)fst00940727;

650 7 a| Holocene Geologic Period.2| fast0| (OCoLC)fst01353233;

648 7 a| From 10 thousand years ago2| fast;

655 7 a| Academic theses.2| fast0| (OCoLC)fst01726453;

655 7 a| Academic theses.2| lcgft;

655 7 a| Thèses et écrits académiques.2| rvmgf0| (CaQQLa)RVMGF-000001173;

655 2 a| Academic Dissertation.0| (DNLM)D019478?| UNAUTHORIZED;

700 1 a| Riggs, Stanley R.,e| degree supervisor.1| https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjxMy4GQvKrFcBJFj6Td33=| ^A80459;

710 2 a| East Carolina University.b| Department of Geology.?| UNAUTHORIZED;

856 41 z| Access via ScholarShipu| http://hdl.handle.net/10342/11450;

949 a| Click on web addressw| asish| joyner101;

949 a| Click on web addressw| asish| hsl111;

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998 a| 661209;

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999 a| CLICK ON WEB ADDRESSw| ASISc| 1i| 661209-3001l| JNETm| JOYNERr| Ys| Yt| JNE3ETDu| 4/17/2025x| ETDz| JERESOURCE;

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Holocene evolution of a drowned tributary estuary, Croatan Sound, North Carolina / by Greg L. Rudolph.

Author/creator	Rudolph, Greg L. author.
Other author	Riggs, Stanley R., degree supervisor.
Other author	East Carolina University. Department of Geology.
Format	Theses and dissertations
Production	1999.
Description	ix, 237 leaves : illustrations (some color), color maps ; 28 cm
Supplemental Content	Access via ScholarShip
Subjects	Geology, Stratigraphic--Holocene. Croatan Sound (N.C.)

Summary	Analysis of 42 vibracores, 100 km of seismic reflection data, 24 radiocarbon age dates supplemented with historical data and split-spoon cores from the North Carolina Department of Transportation in the drowned tributary of Croatan Sound, North Carolina permit development of a Holocene evolution model. Seismic sequence stratigraphic principles used in consort with litho- and chronstratigraphic data reveals a different Holocene evolution model than proposed in similar studies conducted in drowned trunk river settings. The Croatan Sound Holocene section contains five parasequences (PS-1 through PS-5) and four parasequence boundaries (PSB-1 through 4). PS-1 was deposited in a restricted estuary environment characterized by mud deposition until 5.5 ka BP. A pronounced erosional surface (PSB-2) separates PS-1 from PS-2 and developed in response to a stillstand or regressive episode from 5.5 - 5.2 ka BP. Deposition resumed as the barrier chain was severely breached causing free hydraulic exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and open bays landward that permitted sandy sediment deposition in Croatan Sound. As sea level continued to rise, a partial barrier island chain was emplaced, allowing semi-restricted estuarine conditions to develop during the later stages of PS-2. A long term (-1100 years) sea-level decline caused an erosive episode following PS-2, from -3.2 - 2.1 ka BP (PSB-3). Basal sediments in PS-3 (2.1 - 1.4 ka BP) contain tidal-driven sedimentary structures that grade upward into massive sediments, suggesting that an open estuarine environment gave way to quiescent conditions in a restricted estuary. PS-5 represents the development of the Roanoke Marshes, a drowned upland feature whose development overlaps the timing designated for channel parasequences and parasequence boundaries. PSB-4 represents a single surface caused by erosive episodes from 1.4 - 0.4 ka BP and 0.13 ka BP - present that incises PS-2, 3 and 5. The later erosive episode was caused by diversion of the Albemarle drainage into Croatan Sound and has increased basin scour rates causing erosion of older parasequences to produce a residual surficial sand sheet (PS-4) that covers most of the soundfloor. This thin, ephemeral sand sheet (PS-4) is resuspended with the onset of high energy events.
General note	Submitted to the faculty of the Department of Geology.
General note	Advisor: Stanley R. Riggs
Dissertation note	M.S. East Carolina University 1999
Bibliography note	Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-166).
Genre/form	Academic theses.
Genre/form	Academic theses.
Genre/form	Thèses et écrits académiques.

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Holocene evolution of a drowned tributary estuary, Croatan Sound, North Carolina / by Greg L. Rudolph.

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