Provides bibliographic records pertaining to literature, language, linguistics and folklore published my the Modern Language Association. Content spans 1926 - Present.
A collection of full-text scholarly articles from across the humanities. Topics include: art and design, history, philosophy, music, literature, theater, and cultural studies. Designed to complement DAAI, MLA International Bibliography, Philosopher’s Index, and RILM Abstracts. Content spans 1973 – Present.
Provides detailed, up-to-date bibliographies on literary figures, key terms, and concepts in the Classics.
Provides detailed, up-to-date bibliographies on composers, key terms, concepts and genres, and numerous aspects of music history and theory, world and popular music, musical instruments, dance, and many other topics compiled by experts in their fields.
Bibliographies in the subject areas of Anthropology, Art History, Buddhism, Cinema & Media Studies, Evolutionary Biology, International Relations, Latin American Studies, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Social Work, Sociology, Music and Classics.
The definitive resource for scholarly literature on Western art, IBA is the successor to the Bibliography of the History of Art (BHA), and retains the editorial policies which made BHA one of the most trusted and frequently consulted sources in the field. Years of Coverage: 1945 - present
Comprehensive international music bibliography featuring citations, abstracts, indexes and links to full-text. Includes indexes for traditional, popular, and classical music. Covers all document types including articles, books, bibliographies, catalogues, dissertations, Festschriften, iconographies, critical commentaries to complete works, ethnographic recordings, conference proceedings, electronic resources, reviews, and more. Content spans 1835 – present.
Provides information published by the Modern Language Association. Topics include literature, literary theory, dramatic arts, folklore, language, linguistics, pedagogy, rhetoric and composition and the history of printing and publishing.
An online bibliography of secondary source material pertaining to the Middle Ages and Renaissance (400-1700). Essential use to scholars of the Middle Ages and/or the Renaissance. Includes indexing, citations and some links to full text. Content spans 1784 – present.
A searchable index of abstracts from books, conference proceedings, dissertations, exhibitions, and journal articles on European and American art. Topics included: painting, sculpture, drawing, prints; decorative and applied arts, architecture and industrial design, popular and folk art. Inlcudes and expands on its predecessor indexes, RAA-Repertoire d’Art et d’Archeologie (1973 – 1989) and RILA-International Repertory of the Literature of Art (1975 – 1989).
A searchable index that includes a blend of full-text articles. A standard bibliographic tool for research in classical studies. Topics include: the language, literature, history and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. Published by the Société Internationale de Bibliographie Classique, with the American Philological Association and the Database of Classical Bibliography, and with the support of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) and the National Endowment for the Humanities (USA). Content spans 1927 – Present.
Authoritative guides offering introductions to major writers, artists, philosophers, topics and periods. Includes Bibliographies.
Indexes articles and provides selective full text from over 300 academic and popular film journals. Incorporates the International Index to TV Periodicals (1979-1998), Treasures from the Film Archives (identifying silent film holdings in archives worldwide), the International Federation of Film Archives Affiliates’ Publications, and the International Directory of Film/TV Documentation Collections. Year of Coverage: 1972-present
A collection of U.S. and international dissertations and theses. Provides full text for graduate works added since 1997, selected full text for works written prior to 1997. Contains a significant number of new international dissertations and theses both in citations and in full text. Content spans 1743 – Present.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text political science and international relations journals, dissertations and working papers. Topics include: political science, international relations, comparative politics, political economy, international development, environmental policy, human rights and migration. Content spans 1985 – present. Click here for a guide to this database
Provides full-text access to collections of poetry, drama, fiction, and literary criticism from Chadwyck-Healey. Includes access to African American Poetry, American Drama 1714-1915, American Poetry, Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature, 1920- (ABELL), Bibliography of American Literature, Canadian Poetry, Early American Fiction, Early English Prose Fiction, Eighteenth-Century Fiction, English Drama, English Poetry, English Poetry Second Edition, The Faber Poetry Library, King James Bible, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Twentieth-Century African American Poetry, Twentieth-Century American Poetry, Twentieth-Century Poetry, and Twentieth-Century English Poetry.
Authoritative texts covering the humanities and social sciences with a concentration on political and cultural history, literature, philosophy, religious studies, music and the arts. Searchable by author, title and subject. Includes bibliographies.
An annotated bibliography on Latin America. Edited by the Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress, the multidisciplinary Handbook alternates annually between the social sciences and the humanities. Content spans 1936 - present.
RefWorks is an online research management, writing, and collaboration tool. RefWorks is designed to help researchers easily gather, manage, store, and share all types of information, as well as generate citations and bibliographies.
A bibliographic database identifying books, pamphlets, ephemera, and selected articles in the study of antisemitism. Entries span from the beginning of the 19th century and extend to 2022. Search by author, title and publication year.
Provides full-text up-to-date, in-depth factual information on a broad range of current issues and controversies. Chronologies, illustrations, maps, tables, sidebars, bibliographies and contact information augment the balanced coverage of current and historical events. Topics include: politics, business, government, crime, law, energy, education, health, family, science, foreign policy, race, rights, society, and culture. Content spans 1995 – present.
Provides abstracts and indexing of the international literature of political science and international relations, along with complementary fields, including international law and public administration/policy. Includes abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and working papers. Topics include: comparative politics, developing nations, political systems, political economy, and political society among others. Content spans 1975 – Present.
Accounting, federal, state, and international tax materials. Provides full-text of primary source materials such as tax laws, statutes, regulations, legislation, committee reports, and court case rulings, as well as secondary sources such as editorial and analytical materials.
Students in tax classes at ECU receive passwords from their professors. Other ECU students, faculty, and staff who wish to use Checkpoint must obtain a password by clicking here.
The Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s Office (Index-Catalogue) is a multi-part printed bibliography or list of items in the Library of the Surgeon-General’s Office, U.S. Army. It contains material dated from the 1400s through 1950 and is an important resource for researchers in the history of medicine, history of science, and for clinical research.
Comprehensive index and bibliography of philosophy maintained by the community of philosophers. We monitor all sources of research content in philosophy, including journals, books, open access archives, and personal pages maintained by academics. We also host the largest open access archive in philosophy. Our index currently contains 2,449,529 entries categorized in 5,422 categories
Provides articles, books, conference proceedings, working papers, policy briefs, detailed maps and videos on international affairs. Topics include: security studies, global finance, diplomatic practice, humanitarian law, global governance, development studies and environmental studies.
Full-text coverage of international journals, books, reports, dissertations and unpublished papers on criminology and related disciplines. Topics include: criminology, criminal justice, corrections and prisons, criminal investigations, forensic sciences and investigation, substance abuse and addiction, probation and parole. Abstracts and indexing also available. Content spans 1910 – Present.
A fully searchable index of journal, book, and dissertation abstracts in modern and contemporary visual art. Topic include: painting, performance art and installation works, video art, computer and electronic art, body art, graffiti, artists’ books, theater arts, crafts, jewelry and illustration, printmaking, sculpture, and drawing. Content spans 1974 – Present.
A collection current publications related to film scholarship alongside detailed and expansive filmographies. This collection includes the specialist index FIAF International Index to Film Periodicals Database and the detailed and complementary filmographies created by the American Film Institute and the British Film Institute; AFI Catalog and Film Index International.
Provides citations and abstracts for scholarship in women’s studies and feminist research. Includes journals, newspapers, newsletters, bulletins, books, book chapters, proceedings, dissertations, and NGO studies. Topic include: sociology, history, political science and economy, public policy, international relations, arts and humanities, business and education.
International Newsstream provides information from more than 660 of the world's top newspapers, including The Times (London), The Bangkok Post, El Norte, Financial Times, The Guardian, Jerusalem Post, South China Morning Post, The Daily Telegraph, Asian Wall Street Journal, and the BBC Monitoring series of publications.
Features formerly confidential reports of U.S. diplomats and military officers from 1911-1975.
A collection of periodicals, compiled legislative histories, CRS reports, Congressional hearings, United States Supreme Court briefs, monographs, and other related materials on the topic of regulating firearms in the United States. It also includes an extensive bibliography and selection of external resources. Also included on this platform are Civil Rights and Social Justice, Open Society and Justice Initiative and Slavery in American and the World.
A comprehensive primary resource for studying the development of Western society and international relations within this important group of islands. Essential for researching colonial history, the Atlantic slave trade, international commerce, New World slavery and U.S. relations with the region as far back as the early 18th century. Largely in English. Created in cooperation with the American Antiquarian Society.
Provides access to books, pamphlets and periodicals documenting international women’s history and the feminist movement. Content spans 1543 - 1945
Covers scholarly research and industry news relating to all areas of hospitality and tourism. Sources are both domestic and international scope.
Provides access to national and international information on the financial services industry, including banking trends, products, companies, issues and operations.
Provides data series on population, work and welfare, economic production, and governance and international relations. Content spans 1790-2000.
Nurse Theorists: Portraits of Excellence explores the life work and life stories of sixteen innovative women who are widely regarded as nursing's premiere scholars.Each program featuring a modern theorist includes video interviews in which the theorist discusses her life, the evolution of her work, and the impact of that work on nursing practice and education. These programs also contain a bibliography of the theorist's writings and a resource list highlighting helpful websites and organizations.
Requires QuickTime and Flash plugin.
Contains wire copies, correspondence, memos, internal publications and more from the Associated Press archives; News Features & Internal Communications, 1848-2000; U.S. Cities Bureaus Collection, 1931-2004; Washington D.C. Bureau Collection, 1938-2009; Middle East Bureaus Collection, 1967-2008; European Bureaus Collection, 1937-2003; Washington D.C. Bureau Collection, 1915-1930.
Provides a historical archive of several million cross-searchable pages of books, serials, supreme court records and briefs, and key manuscript collections from the United States, Great Britain, and France. Topics include: debates of slavery and abolition, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, the global movement for the abolition of slavery, the legal, personal, and economic aspects of the slavery system, and the dynamics of emancipation. Provides a context for further research through links to chronology, biographies, bibliographies, and websites.
The International System for Agriculture Science and Technology (AGRIS) is a multilingual bibliographic database maintained by the Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Topics include: food and agriculture.
A collection of NAACP Papers, federal government papers, organizational papers, internal memos documenting the Civil Rights movement in the 20th century.
Congressional Quarterly’s reports on topics including current affairs, the economy, social trends, international relations, criminal justice, education, the environment, government and politics.
A fully searchable index of international design and craft journals. Complements Arts & Humanities (ProQuest) database. Content spans 1973 – Present.
Provides access to the ICE (International Clinical Educators) Library of over 185 short video clips illustrating a wide range of diagnoses and treatment settings.
A collection of weekly news magazine articles. Topics include national and international current events, sports, politcs, and entertainment. Content spans 1923 - 2000.
Provides comprehensive company data for U.S. and International public and private companies, including SEC filings (US only) and current and historical annual reports for U.S. and International public companies. Company information includes: history, mergers, acquisitions, disposals, joint ventures, officers and directors, news reports, bond ratings, dividend payment history, income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, contact information, auditors, and qualified auditors’ report.
Access is limited to 10 users at a time.
An international, multilingual abstracting and indexing tool with full-text available, designed for library professionals and other information specialists. Topics include: information management, information technology, internet technology, knowledge management, librarianship, libraries and archives, library management, library technology, library use and users, and online information retrieval. Content spans 1969 – present.
A compilation of analyses of funds, stocks, and genral market data for guiding investment plans. Provides portfolio tools and information on mutual funds, ETF, and stock ratings. Includes a glossary of finance and investment terms.
The Bookshelf is a growing collection of biomedical books. Books are also linked to terms in PubMed abstracts so, when viewing an abstract, select the "Books" link to see phrases within the abstract hyperlinked to book sections.
A collection of news sources, including magazine, newspapers, and TV news transcripts. Sources range from local to international. Searchable by subject, keyword, title, and location.
An extensive archive of American and international scholarly journals and books in the humanities, sciences, philosophy, and social sciences. Provides downloadable PDFs. Content spans 1800 – 2 years ago.
A platform for accessing and retrieving reference, scholarly and professional e-books. Topics include commerce and finance, educational theory and practice, internal medicine, religion, social and public welfare.
Provides information on more than 128,000 films and 900,000 individuals from 170+ countries. Searchable by person, film title, and keyword, plus many other fields. Records include director name, full cast and crew lists, credits, awards received, and synopses. Also provides citation information for selected (mainly scholarly) reviews and other journal articles related to the film or person.
An extensive collection of journals, books and other reference sources in the humanities. Successor to American Humanities Index. Includes deep backfiles for some journals. Content spans 1965 – Present.
Cross-searchable gateway to historical and current primary and secondary sources. Resources include scholarly essays, recent periodicals, historical newspaper articles, interviews and studies. Combines full-text and indexing, including Schomburg Studies on the Black Experience, International Index to Black Periodicals (IIBP), historical black newspapers, and the Black Literature Index. Topics include: history, literature, political science, sociology, philosophy and religion.
A collection of articles and documentary photographs and informative captions. Topics include national and international events, topical stories, politics, popular culture and history of business. Content spans 1923 - 2000.
Publications of the Communist Party USA. Content focuses on workers' rights and organized labor, socials issues, national and international politics, culture and Party activity. Content spans 1919-2013.
The primary newspaper of the Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point Triad region. It also provides coverage of national and international news. This database encompasses editions from 1906-Present.
Provides access to internal memos, legal briefings, and direct action summaries from national, legal and branch offices of the NAACP. Content spans: 1909 - 1972.
Comprehensive tax and accounting research system provides full-text access to tax libraries for federal, state, and international taxation, as well as current tax news, related journals, smart charts, business and financial planning tools, and tax forms. Topics include: domestic and global securities, banking, trade regulation, government contracts, telecom, information technology, federal energy guidelines, transportation law, and products liability and safety.
RAND (Research and Development) contains blend of abstracts and full-text of RAND books and publications from 1946 to the present. Many recent titles (1998 or later) are available online for free, usually in PDF format. Topics include: children and adolescents, civil justice, education, energy and environment, health and health care, international affairs, population and aging, public safety, science and technology, substance abuse, terrorism and homeland security, transportation and infrastructure, and national security.
Searchable, full-text back files of leading women’s interest consumer magazines. Titles include: Better Homes & Gardens, Chatelaine, Good Housekeeping, Ladies’ Home Journal, Parents, Redbook, Essence, Seventeen, Town and Country, Woman’s Day, and Women’s International Network News. Topics include: gender studies, social history, economics/marketing, media, fashion, politics, and popular culture. Covers late 19th century-2005.
A collection of databases and publications representing worldwide transportation research. Combines the records from TRB’s Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS) Database and the OECD’s Joint Transport Research Centre’s International Transport Research Documentation (ITRD) Database.
Includes abstracts, indexing and full-text articles. Articles from topics across all government and military branches. Topics include: aeronautics, Aerospace engineering, armed forces, civil engineering, communications, computer security, criminology, foreign policy, government branches, homeland security and terrorism, information systems, international relations, military aircraft, military and defense, military branches, national security, navigation, political science, space flight, telecommunications and war. Content spans 1980 – present.
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) International is a voluntary technical standards development organization whose work covers 15 engineering industries. Includes ASTM journals, symposia papers, standards, technical papers and books. Standards can be downloaded as PDF documents.
Contains exam practice material for: USMLE Steps 1, 2 and 3; Medical Board Exams, including family practice, internal medicine, and surgery; several medical specialties, including anatomy, microbiology and physiology; and Part I of the National Board Dental Exam.
Registration is required, and is free for ECU faculty, staff, and students.
The most authoritative and comprehensive English language dictionary in the world. Includes information on the English language, its history, and the social, cultural, and political influences that have shaped the language through the centuries. Shows pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Includes Historical Thesaurus.
A searchable archive of American Vogue reproduced in high-resolution color page images. Includes advertisements, covers and fold-outs. Images are searchable by garment type, designer and brand names. A record of American and international fashion, culture and society. Content spans 1892 – Present.
The catalog of the United Sates Department of Agriculture’s National Library. Consists of two subsets of records: citations for journal articles that include abstracts and bibliographic records describing monographs, serials, audiovisual materials and online content from around the world. Subsets can be searched together or separately. Catalog is updated daily. A thesaurus and glossary of agricultural terms is also provided.
This collection from Duke University Libraries explores the complex relationships between modern medicine and modern advertising, or "Madison Avenue," as the latter is colloquially termed. It presents images and information for approximately 600 health-related advertisements printed in newspapers and magazines. These ads illustrate the variety and evolution of marketing images from the 1910s through the 1950s.
Provides access to international coverage of American Race Relations. Includes news articles, radio transcripts, and television transcripts.Reports were selected by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS)--which became part of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1947.
Part of ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Science Database. To access content check box below the search bar for “Biotechnology Research Abstracts content only. Index of international research on all aspects of biochemical, medical, and microbial technology as applied to bioengineering, medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.
Instructors may register for teaching privileges; contact the Joyner Research & Instructional Services Department for details. ECU students must register to manipulate the images for instructional purposes.
A collection of analyses and commentary on international policy. Subject indexing allows users to retrieve and review briefing papers, special reports, pamphlets, conference papers, monographs, and other material relevant to their own research or study. Includes access to audio recordings of Chatham House lectures and their fully searchable transcripts.
A collection of primary materials that includes writings of women activists, their personal letters and diaries, and the proceedings of conferences at which pivotal decisions were made. This collection contains material that shows how women’s social movements shaped much of the events and attitudes that have defined modern life.
Drawn from the British Film Institute and Imperial War Museums, this resource showcases newsreels produced by the Topical Film Company and provides a glimpse into British life, culture and society with subjects ranging from the First World War, the Royal Family, and domestic and international politics through to sport, leisure and fashion.
Provides indexing, abstracts for articles, books, dissertations and working papers on international literature in linguistics and language sciences. Topics include anthropological linguistics, applied linguistics, discourse analysis, language - pathological and normal, learning disabilities, nonverbal communication, phonetics, phonolgy and psycholinguistics. Content spans 1973 - Present.
ACP Journal Club includes the complete text of ACP Journal Club (1991-date) and BMJ's Evidence Based Medicine (1995-1999), which provides reviews of the most methodologically sound, clinically relevant articles from the top internal medicine, pediatric, ob/gyn, ophthalmology, psychiatry, and surgery journals.
A searchable collection of regional, national, and international print and online-only newspapers, blogs, newswires, journals, broadcast transcripts and videos. Provides groupings of materials pertaining to individual world regions such as the Middle East and Africa and under themes such as migration and the Cold War. Topics include: politics, business, health, sports, science and technology, cultural activities and people.
This comprehensive news collection is ideal for exploring issues and events at the local, regional, national and international level. Its diverse source types include print and online-only newspapers, blogs, newswires, journals, broadcast transcripts and videos. It can be used to explore a specific event or to compare a wide variety of viewpoints on topics such as politics, business, health, sports, cultural activities and people.
Manuscript and archival collections with a focus on the Black Freedom Movement of the 20th Century, Southern Life and Slavery, Women's Rights, International Relations, American Politics and Society with a strong focus on the 20th Century, and labor unions, workers and radical politics in the 20th Century. Also contains records of four of the most important civil rights organizations of the 1950s and 1960s: NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, and CORE.
From the American Psychological Association (APA). Includes blend of abstracts, indexes and links to full-text of scholarly journal articles, book chapters, books, and dissertations. Topics include: applied psychology, communication systems, developmental psychology, educational psychology, experimental human and animal psychology, personality, psychological and physical disorders, physiological psychology and neuroscience, professional personnel and issues, psychometrics and statistics, social psychology, social processes and issues, sports psychology and leisure and treatment and prevention. Ninety-seven percent of the covered material is peer-reviewed. Journal coverage includes international material selected from periodicals in multiple languages. Content spans 1597 – present. Click here for a guide to this database.
Provides direct access to the IMF’s periodicals, books, working papers and studies, as well as data and statistical tools. Includes exchange rates, fund accounts and the main global and country economic indicators for more than 200 countries. Topics include: macroeconomics, globalization, development, trade and aid, technical assistance, demographics, emerging markets, policy advice, and poverty reduction.
A comprehensive collection of materials for research on crime, its causes and impacts, legal and social implications, as well as litigation and crime trends. Provides U.S. and international scholarly journals, correctional and law enforcement trade publications, dissertations, crime reports, crime blogs and other sources. Topics include: criminology, corrections, criminal justice, addiction, family law, and rehabilitation. Content spans 1981 – Present.
A collection of cross-searchable databases with thousands of journal titles, ensuring deep searches of extensive collections in specialist subject areas not covered in more general databases. Subject areas include: Art, Design, Architecture, Humanities, Film/Screen Studies, Music, Performing Arts, and more. With international coverage, and access to the definitive indexes in these fields, the Arts Premium Collection supports academic inquiry and is a rich source for comprehensive arts literature reviews.
An international index to the literature of anthropology and archaeology. Brings together Harvard University’s Anthropological Literature database and the United Kingdom’s Anthropological Index. Covers journal articles, reports, commentaries, edited works, and obituaries in the fields of social, cultural, physical, biological, and linguistic anthropology, ethnology, archaeology, folklore, material culture, and interdisciplinary studies. Includes sources in multiple languages, particularly English, Germanic, Slavic, Romance, and selected Scandinavian languages. Content spans late 1800s - Present.
Provides historical records, personal correspondance, interviews, gay and lesbian newspapers, policy statements and other documents related to gay rights and health. Archives included are, LGBTQ History and Culture Since 1940, Part 1 and 2, Sex and Sexuality, Sixteenth to Twentieth Century (Part 3), International Perspectives on LGBTQ Activism and Culture (Part 4), and L'Enfer de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Part 5). Content spans 1940-Present.
Provides indexing to U.S. government-sponsored research and worldwide scientific, technical, engineering, and business-related information. Topics include: administration and management, aeronautics and aerodynamics, agriculture, behavior and society, business, chemistry, communications, computer sciences, education, energy, engineering, environmental sciences, health care, international trade, library and information sciences, materials sciences, mathematical sciences, medicine, military sciences, natural resources and earth sciences, nuclear science, physics, regulations, research administration, technology, telecommunications, and transportation.
A collection of reports centered on the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) major investigations divided into three parts. The first part, 1938-1945, covers clashes between HUAC chairman Martin Dies and the Roosevelt and Truman administrations. the second part, 1946-1969, records the process by which the FBI and HUAC chose their targets. The last part follows HUAC, renamed Internal Security Committee, in its attempt to the protect the FBI from other congressional investigative committees. Content spans 1938 - 1975.
Provides full text for nursing and allied health journals indexed in CINAHL Plus. Additional materials include full-text evidence-based care sheets, quick lessons and continuing education modules.
Provides full-text and abstracts of regional business publications in the subjects of business and economics. Contains 75 full-text U.S. and Canadian business publications. Full-text coverage spans from 1990 - Present.
An index of bibliographic citations to literature on the full history of the United States and Canada. Some citations include links to full-text. Content spans 1964 – Present.
Access is limited to 6 users at a time.
Provides indexing with links to full-text of articles from many popular magazines, including full coverage of the original print volumes of Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature. Content spans 1890 – 1982.
Provides indexing, abstracts, and articles for core journals on technology and applied sciences. Topics include: biomedical engineering, engineering, and construction management among others. Includes full text for some titles. Content spans 1983 – Present.
Discipline-specific coverage spanning thousands of publications, many in full text.
Offers full-text and full-image articles for numerous historical and popular newspapers, such as the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. Pages and articles are available to download in PDF format. Offers researchers valuable primary and first-hand resources. Content spans 1851 – present.
Provides detailed abstracts and indexing of the hundreds of environmental impact statements issued each year by the federal government, in addition to offering the statements themselves in full text. Each entry includes a clear description of the project, sections on positive impact and negative consequences, legal mandates and the PDF full text. Topics include: air transportation, defense programs, energy, hazardous substances, land use, parks, refuges and forests, research and development, roads and railroads, urban and social programs, and water.
Provides access to the full-text of journals from the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Searchable full-text archive of the Charlotte Observer newspaper from 1882 to present.
A collection of full-text reviews for test products in psychology, education, business and leadership.
Access is limited to 4 users at a time.
Designed for nursing and allied health professionals, students, educators and researchers, this database provides full text journals covering the areas of nursing, biomedicine, health sciences, consumer health and allied health disciplines. Nearly all full text titles included in Nursing & Allied Health: Comprehensive Edition are indexed in CINAHL.
Includes many important medical textbooks available online with unrestricted access. Free and in full-text.
Searchable full-text archive of the Raleigh News & Observer newspaper from 1879-present.
Provides full-text access to historical local, regional and national news of the time. Content spans 1934 - 1991.
A collection of full-text ebooks. Topics include: business, education, health and medicine, history and political science, science and technology.
Provides limited access to full text journals, books and case studies. Topics include: engineering, general management, human resources; information management, library and information services, marketing, operations and production management, public sector management, quality management, and training and education. Emerald is published by the U.K.-based MCB University Press. Full-text content spans 1994 – Present.
IOPscience (Institute of Physics) offers full-text of scholarly journals and e-books published by the Institute of Physics. Content spans 1874 – present.
Searchable full-text archive of the St. Louis Post Dispatch newspaper from 1874-2003.
Provides indexing, abstracts, and articles for core journals on technology and applied sciences. Topics include: biomedical engineering, engineering, and construction management among others. Includes full text for some titles. Content spans 1983 – Present. Topics include: physics, engineering, astronomy, biology, earth science, chemistry and more. Includes full-text for most titles. Content spans 1986 – Present.
A full-text database of over 200 peer-reviewed, subscribed and open-access titles. Topics include biological, ecological, and environmental sciences.
Provides abstracts and in some cases full-text of dissertations of ECU students covering multidisiplinary subjects. Content spans: 1978 - Present
Provides full-text journal articles literary criticism, reviews, biographies of writers in all disciplines from all time periods.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing, full-text and includes links to full text. Covers Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender issues. Content includes: The Advocate, Gay Parent Magazine, Girlfriends, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian & Gay Studies, James White Review, ISNA News, Ladder, Lesbian Tide, New York Blade, ONE, Tangents, Washington Blade and more. Content spans 1990’s – present.
Provides full text, research reviews, written by leading scientists, of current and emerging topics in a variety of disciplines including the biomedical, life, physical and social sciences.
Contains blend of full-text, abstracts and indexing. Indexes articles and book reviews in library and information science periodicals, books, chapters in collected works such as conference proceedings, library school theses, and pamphlets. Topics include: automation, care and restoration of books, cataloging, censorship, copyright, electronic searching, indexing, preservation of materials, public relations, publishing, rare books and reference service. Content spans 1980 – present.
This database includes full-text journals and other sources in linguistics, covering all aspects of the study of language including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.
Full-text works of poetry, prose and drama, and secondary sources such as author biographies, literary criticisms, essays, reviews and interviews. Designed with schools and public libraries in mind.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text content. Searches all available ProQuest databases. Multidisciplinary database that includes hundreds of thousands of sources in many different formats.
Provides indexing, abstracting and full text for the Businessweek backfile. Topics include: business management, marketing, labor, finance, and economic policy. Content spans 1929 - 2000.
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews includes the full text of the regularly updated systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare prepared by The Cochrane Collaboration.
Full-text bilingual (English/Spanish) database of 200 publications of the ethnic, minority, and native press. Contains multidisciplinary coverage of news, culture, and history. Content spans: 1990 to the present.
Provides full-length, HD-quality contemporary performance films available for streaming, download or mobile viewing, presenting a snapshot of the best new works by current leaders in dance, theater and music.
Provides access to full text government publications and databases. Includes the US Budget, Commerce Business Daily, GAO Reports, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, and the Catalog of US Government Publications (MOCAT).
Includes full-text journals and other sources in linguistics, including many titles indexed in Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA). Topics include: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.
Contains full-text anthropological resources from across the discipline including more than 250,000 articles from American Anthropological Association journals, newsletters, bulletins, and monographs. Content spans: 1888 - Present
Full text, multidisciplinary database specifically designed for elementary and middle school learners, researchers, and educators. Topics include: current events, history, health, language arts, math, science, social studies, and technology.
U.S. Newsstream contains the most recent premium U.S. news content, as well as archives which stretch back into the 1980s featuring newspapers, newswires, blogs, and news sites in active full-text format.
A repository of current and archival literature of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, including ASME’s Transaction Journals, Conference Proceedings and Press eBooks. Abstract and full-text links are available. Content spans 1960 – Present.
An extensive index of bibliographic information for sociology research. Provides records from leading sociology journals. Topics include: gender studies, criminal justice, social psychology, racial studies, religion and social work.
Part of Wiley Online Library, a multidisciplinary database that primarily covers life, health and physical sciences, social science and humanities. Includes journals, e-books and reference titles, both full-text and abstract-only.
Over 300 Canadian newspapers from Canada’s leading publishers, including the complete available electronic backfile for most newspapers. Provides full-text access to articles, columns, editorials and features. Content spans 1970 – Present.
Contains ethnographic collections covering all aspects of cultural and social life, organized into cultures and ethnic groups. Full-text sources are subject-indexed at the paragraph level and search by cultures, subjects, regions, and subsistence types.
Provides indexing, abstracts and full text for magazines, reference books and primary source documents. Topics include: business, health, education, general science and multicultural issues. Includes an image collection containing photos, maps and flags.
This historical newspaper provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time. Full Text Included. Coverage: 1841-1962
Provides full-text articles from numerous newspapers in North Carolina. Titles include The Daily Reflector, Charlotte Observer, Asheville Citizen-Times, The News & Observer, Winston-Salem Journal, Greensboro News & Record.
A collection of journals, papers, magazines, and conference proceedings published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Also includes publications of affiliated organizations. Full-text is available for most articles, but not yet for all ACM proceedings published before 1991.
A full-text database of reference ebooks, including encyclopedias, dictionaries and thesauri, handbooks, readers’ guides, atlases, primary source materials, and image and video collections. It includes over 600 titles covering the primary disciplines of Higher Education.
A full-text collection of reference books in the arts, biography, education, environment, history, medicine, multicultural studies, nation and world, religion, science, and social science. Books can be browsed by subject, and articles can be searched by keyword.
Formerly Gale Virtual Reference Library.
Provides access to peer-reviewed papers, dissertations, book citations, preprints, abstracts and technical reports from a variety of content providers. Some content is available in full text. At this time Google Scholar is not considered comprehensive for academic content.
This historical newspaper provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time. Full Text Included. Coverage: 1922-1993
Provides full-text and abstracts. Topics include: business, economics, markets and current headlines. Published by Dow Jones & Company, Inc., Wall Street Journal is a part of the ProQuest ABI/INFORM Collection. Content spans 1984 – Present.
Provides abstracts and full-text access to journals, books, and conference proceedings. Emphasis is on science, mathematics, and engineering but content also includes business, medicine, political science, and the humanities. “Preview-only” search results can be filtered. Content spans 1900 – Present.
A collection of primary and secondary legal and research materials including federal and state case law, court rules, statutory and regulatory materials, reference publications and full-text legal periodicals as well as legal guides and information for pre-law students.
The collection contains full-text articles and Abstracts/Indexing. Includes databases AGRICOLA and TOXLINE. Topics include: Agriculture, Biology, Environmental Science, Human Ecology, Public Health, Sustainability, and Waste Management. Content spans 1960 - Present.
Provides full-text legislative information beginning with the 104th Congress, with select materials from earlier sessions. Includes congressional bills, public laws, roll call votes, the Congressional Record, committee reports and information on the legislative process. Content spans 1995 – Present.
Provides a bibliographic and full-text database covering scholarly research and information in all fields of education, from early childhood to higher education. Topics include: educational specialty fields, curriculum instruction, administration, policy, funding, and related social issues.
Contains global financial and economic news, commentaries, data, and analysis. Provides full-text access to articles in the daily, U.K-based Financial Times newspaper. Topics include: global trade, business trends, economics, finance, banking, insurance, management, and marketing.
Provides access to over 900 educational publications, including more than 600 full-text titles. Topics include: primary, secondary and higher education, special education, home schooling and adult education. Many titles are indexed in the ERIC database.
Contains blend of full-text and indexed periodicals, with scholarly content. Topics include: Canadian agriculture, business and economics, education, government and politics, health sciences, history, literature, medical sciences and social sciences. Content spans 1933 – Present.
Provides scholarly journals, trade publications, and consumer periodicals covering topics such as artificial intelligence, automation, gaming, graphics, networking, security, database management, systems administration, information science and hardware. Includes full text and indexing. Content spans 1998 – Present
A searchable full-text historical survey of the field’s most important figures, schools and movements, critics and theorists, critical schools and movements, and the critical and theoretical innovations of specific countries and historical periods. Compiled by specialists from around the world.
Includes a searcable index index of academic, peer-reviewed books published under an Open Access license including links to the full-text on the publishers’ websites. Publishers must meet the requirements for Open Access and peer review to have their books indexed in this directory.
A collection of non-classified and declassified publications, data sets, patents, conference papers, and videos resulting from research funded by the Department of Energy. Provides both full-text content and citation-only results. Formerly Science Accelerator. Content spans 1940 – Present.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text access to magazines and journals covering consumer health topics. Topics include: sports injuries, women’s health, food and nutrition, midwifery, eye care, dentistry, children’s health and more. Content spans 1988 – present.
Provides access to scientific and technical content published by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) and its publishing partners. Comprised of over four million full-text documents, it includes journals, conference reports, technical standards, and books. Covers electrical engineering, computer science, and electronics.
Comprehensive bibliographic and full-text database covering sports and sports medicine research. Topics include: physical fitness, exercise, sports medicine, sports science, physical education, kinesiology, coaching, training, sport administration, officiating, sport law and legislation, college and university sport, disabled persons, facility design and management, intramural and school sport, doping, health, health education, biomechanics, movement science, injury prevention rehabilitation, physical therapy, nutrition, exercise physiology, sport and exercise psychology, recreation, leisure studies, tourism, allied health, public health, occupational health and therapy. Content spans 1800 – present. Access is limited to 4 users at a time. Click here for a guide to this database
Access is limited to 4 users at a time.
A searchable collection of documentaries from PBS, WGBH Boston, and The History Channel, as well as newsreel films and footage from the National Archives. Users can select videos by themes such as the American Revolution, the Great Depression, the Space Race, and others. All films include full-text transcripts.
Provides articles published by the American Psychological Association (APA). Definitive source of full-text, peer-reviewed scholarly and scientific articles in psychology. The articles originate from the APA and APA-allied organizations. Letters to the editor and errata from each journal are also included. Content spans 1894 – present.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text of sources in the telecommunications and technology industries. Topics include: telecommunications, computer applications, data communication, data transmission systems, electronic data processing, information science, information theory, radio, television and wireless communications. Content spans 1995 - present.
Provides full-text, indexing, and abstracts for scholarly business journals, financial data, books, monographs, major reference works, conference proceedings, case studies, industry reports, and SWOT analyses. Topics include: marketing, management, MIS, POM, accounting, finance, and economics. Content spans 1886 – Present.
Contains full text of the first and second print editions, plus the supplemental volumes. Entries are self-contained and easily understood by readers with a limited statistical background. Topics include statistics, biostatistics, quality control, economics, sociology, engineering, probability theory, computer science, biomedicine, psychology, and survey methodology.
Provides blend of full-text, abstracts and indexing from social work and other related journals. Topics include: addictions, child and family welfare, civil and legal rights, education, human services, mental health and therapy. Content spans 1965 – present. Access is limited to 4 users at a time.
Access is limited to 4 users at a time.
Health Reference Center Academic provides information on the complete range of health care topics. Its 2,500 embargo-free, full-text periodicals, reference books, pamphlets, and hundreds of videos demonstrate medical procedures and live surgeries. It is intended for students, knowledgeable consumer health researchers, and health care professionals.
A platform providing access to research and development (R&D) results and scientific and technical information from scientific organizations across 13 federal agencies. Searches over 60 databases containing federal science information in many formats, including full-text documents, citations, scientific data supporting federally funded research, and multimedia.
Comprehensive full-text online access to Gale’s reference set, Something About the Author, the main series, and Something About the Author: Autobiography Series. Contains illustrated biographical profiles of children’s authors and illustrators, including citations of their works. Totals over 290 volumes, 20,000 entries and nearly 30,000 images.
The Project for American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language (ARTFL) provides indexing and full text materials written in French. Includes Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopedie. Genres include novels, poetry, theater, journalism, essays, correspondence, and treatises in a variety of subject areas: literary criticism, biology, history, economics, and philosophy. Content spans 12th - 20th centuries.
Formerly known as European Business. Provides blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text access to the study of business and finance topics across Asia and Europe. Topics include: business, Europe and Asia. Includes academic journals, newspapers, newswires, trade journals, reports and popular magazines. Content spans 1971 – present.
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) indexes more than 1.3 million bibliographic records in education research and resources. Materials include journal articles (mostly peer-reviewed), books, research syntheses, conference papers, technical reports, policy papers, and more. Selectively full-text for the document (non-journal) portion of the database.
A full-text federal legislative history service that provides access to professionally researched compilations of digital congressional publications relevant to enacted U.S. public laws. Content includes: bills, reports, documents, hearings, reports, bills, etc. It is comprised of fully searchable PDFs of publications generated in the course of congressional lawmaking. Content spans 1929 – present.
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source makes it easy to find reliable healthcare information. This database provides full text journals, evidence based resources, and dissertations to support the study of the many aspects of nursing or the allied health professions, including physical therapy, radiography, dietetics, dental hygiene, and the clinical laboratory sciences.
An index to millions of articles published in the humanities and social sciences available electronically, providing access to the searchable full text of hundreds of titles. Topics include: agriculture, anthropology, architecture, business, economics, folklore, geography, history, law, library & information science, literature, music, philosophy, political science, psychology, religion, sociology, and women’s studies.
A comprehensive, full-text archive of Women’s Wear Daily, from 1910 to the latest complete year, reproduced in high-resolution images. Every page, article, advertisement and cover has been included, with searchable text and indexing. Topics include: key moments in the history of the industry, major designers, brands, retailers and advertisers.
Non-fiction writings by major American black leaders, teachers, artists, politicians, religious leaders, athletes, war veterans, entertainers, and other figures. Includes letters, speeches, prefatory essays, political leaflets, interviews, periodicals, and trail transcripts. Includes blend of full-text for non-fiction writings and indexing. Content spans 1700 – Present.
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) indexes more than 1.3 million bibliographic records in education research and resources. Materials include journal articles (mostly peer-reviewed), books, research syntheses, conference papers, technical reports, policy papers, and more. Selectively full-text for the document (non-journal) portion of the database.
Provides full text access to the personal writings of American women from all classes and walks of life, from colonial times to 1950. Includes published letters and diaries drawn from hundreds of sources, including journal articles, pamphlets, newsletters, monographs, and conference proceedings. Contains biographical information on authors when available.
Provides access to full text of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, and The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Part of Oxford Music Online, which also contains the Encyclopedia of Popular Music, the Oxford Dictionary of Music and the Oxford Companion to Music. Selected articles from New Grove Dictionary of American Music.
Access is limited to 3 users at a time.
A searchable source of detailed publication information on academic and scholarly journals, popular magazines, newspapers, newsletters in print and online. Spans more than 900 subject areas. Records provide data points such as ISSN, publisher, language, subject, abstracting and indexing availability, full-text database availability, tables of contents, title change history, and reviews written by librarians.
A searchable index of citations to items published in English about African women such as books, government documents, journal articles, theses and dissertations, selected honors papers, and conference papers. Topics include: abortion, arts, cultural roles, demographics, divorce, economics, equality and liberation, nationalism, religion, sex roles, and urbanization. Includes some links to full-text.
Provides a reliable and authoritative source for scores of the classical canon, as well as a resource for the discovery of lesser-known contemporary works. The collections encompass all major classical musical genres and time periods from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. With full, study, piano, and vocal scores, this comprehensive collection will enhance the study of music history, performance, composition and theory for a variety of scholars.
Provides full-text scholarly journals, trade and industry journals, magazines, technical reports, conference proceedings, and government publications pertaining to air, land and water environments. Also includes the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Oceanic Abstracts, and Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts (MGA). Formerly Earth Science Collection. Content spans 1950 – Present.
Contains full-text primary resources dating from 1492 from the academic publisher Adam Matthew. Includes fully-searchable exploration journals and logs, correspondence, diaries; official government papers; missionary papers; travel writing; slave papers; maps; marketing posters; photographs; and Illustrations, with many in color. Provides thematic essays by leading scholars in the field of Empire Studies.
Provides full-text, searchable, facsimile-images of nineteenth-century U. S. newspapers depicting events, culture, and daily life in nineteenth-century America. Includes major newspapers as well as those published by African Americans, Native Americans, women’s rights groups, labor groups, the Confederacy, and other groups and interests. Also includes illustrated papers.
Full-text collection that documents American History from the earliest settlers to the mid-twentieth century. Sourced from the Gilder Lehrman Collection, database provides thousands of primary and secondary sources over this period. Contains two modules: Module I - Settlement, Commerce, Revolution and Reform: 1493-1859, and Module II - Civil War, Reconstruction and the Modern Era: 1860-1945.
Provides blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text articles. Content covers a broad spectrum of arts and entertainment industry. Topics include: dance, film, television, drama, theater, stagecraft, musical theater, broadcast arts, circus performance, comedy, storytelling, opera, pantomime, puppetry and magic. Content spans 1864 – present, mostly from 1998 – present.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text sources. Covers a diverse selection of religious and spiritual studies. Topics include: religion, religious studies Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Mormonism, Baha’ism, Catholicism, Protestantism, Evangelism, Pentecostalism, Sikhism, Shinto, Jainism, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, Lutheran and Eastern Orthodox. Content spans 1986 – present. Click here for a guide to this database
Searchable full-text access to the documents of the House of Lords and House of Commons. Contents include: social, political, economic and foreign policy, command papers, accounts of debates, bills, statistical data, letters, and business papers. Also includes the complete file of House of Commons Parliamentary Papers (HCPP), also known as Sessional Papers or Blue Books, dating from 1715 through to today.
Provides searchable full-text access to a broad range of declassified documents from agencies and organizations such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the White House, United Nations, and the Atomic Energy Commission. Content includes: diary entries, FBI surveillance and intelligence correspondence and memoranda, CIA intelligence studies and reports, Joint Chiefs papers, and technical studies.
Contains full-text of all 23 volumes of the published handbooks. A comprehensive source of information on ferrous and non-ferrous metals and materials technology. Topics include iron and steels, nonferrous alloys, composites and other materials, manufacturing processes, material properties and behaviors, characterization and analysis, engineering practice and industries and applications. Includes articles, illustrations, tables, graphs specifications and practical examples. Content spans 1992 – Present.
A search tool for federal publications that includes descriptive records for historical and current publications. Search by agency, title, subject, and general key word, or click on "Advanced Search" for more options. Option to locate nearest Federal Depository Library available. MetaLib search engine also allows cross-searching through multiple Federal Government databases. Links to full-text are available.
Massive collection of multidisciplinary periodical and digital media content, designed for middle and high school students, undergraduates at community colleges and universities, instructors, and librarians. Editorially created pages provide valuable context for both common and more unusual topics of research. All content is 100% full-text, including documents from books, magazines, journals, newspapers, photographs, transcripts, and videos. The collection covers a wide range of subjects.
Provides indexing, abstracts, and full text of publications from and about the U.S. Congress. Includes congressional bills, hearings, testimony, reports, committee prints, and the Congressional Record. Also includes the U.S. Code, the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, and Statutes at Large. Biographies, committee assignments, voting records and financial data are provided for current members of Congress. To access Serial Set Maps, go to Advanced Search and limit to Maps.
Provides biological sciences full-text titles from around the world including scholarly journals, trade and industry journals, magazines, technical reports, conference proceedings, andgovernment publications. Topics include animal behavior, aquatic life and fisheries, chemoreception, biochemistry, ecology, plant science, toxicology, virology, microbiology, immunology genetics, health and safety science, oncogenes, entomology, and endocrinology neuroscience. Also includes access to MEDLINE®.
Provides full-text access to research into the economic history of Western trade. Content spans 1450 - 1945. Part I & II covers the expansion of world trade and the development of modern capitalism. Part III offers a collection of monographs and periodicals on political economy, trade, finance, industry, business, labour, and related subjects. Part IV covers of the industrial revolution and the High Victorian Era.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text access to major clinical and healthcare works. Topics include: anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology, parasitology, pathology, communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, hemic diseases, lymphatic diseases, digestive diseases, urogenital diseases, endocrine diseases, nervous system, psychiatry, surgery, gynecology, obstetrics, dermatology, pediatrics, geriatrics, dentistry, otolaryngology and ophthalmology. Content spans 1969 – present.
Provides blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text articles. Content covers a broad range of music subject areas from both scholarly and popular music periodicals. Topics include: classical music and opera, jazz and blues, rock, soul and hip-hop, folk music, music business, sound recording, Ethnomusicology, music education, music therapy and instruments. Content spans 1874 - present, mostly from 1996 onwards.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text for articles from scholarly journals and dissertations in sociology, social policy planning, and social development. Also references books, book chapters, and association papers. Topics include: culture and social structure, family and marriage, history and theory of sociology, organizational sociology, political sociology, poverty and homelessness, race and ethnicity, social change and economic development, social control, sociology of health and medicine and sociology of education. Content spans 1952 – present.
Contains blend of abstracts, indexing and full-text. Sociological and social work research including culture and social structure, history and theory of sociology, social psychology, substance abuse and addiction, and more. Topics include: community and mental health services, crisis intervention, the family and social welfare, gerontology, poverty and homelessness, professional issues in social work, social services in addiction, social work education, social work practice, violence, abuse and neglect. Content spans 1985 – present.
Provides blend of full-text, abstracts and indexing. Contains bibliographic coverage of current research focused on social work, human services, and related areas, including social welfare, social policy, and community development. Topics include: community and mental health services, crisis intervention, the family and social welfare, gerontology, poverty and homelessness, professional issues in social work, social services in addiction, social work education, social work practice, violence, abuse and neglect. Content spans 1979 – present.
Reference resource including full-text access. Topics include: American government, politics, history, public policy and current affairs. Collection includes CQ Almanac, CQ Weekly, CQ Researcher, Congress and the Nation Series, The Historic Documents Series 1972-Present, The Political Handbook of the World, Politics in America, The Supreme Court Yearbook Series, Vital Statistics on American Politics (with tables and figures, data-export and download capabilities),The Washington Information Directory. Formerly called the CQ Press Political Reference Suite. Content spans 1945 – Present.
Provides blend of abstracts and indexing with some links to full-text articles. Explores all aspects of sustainable development, human population and demography topics, as well as societal issues involving natural resource management. Topics include: climate change and global warming, conservation, endangered species, environmental education, environmental engineering, environmental health, safety and risk, environmental law and policy, environmental management and protection, land use, plant science, pollution, soil sciences, sustainability and sustainable development, wastewater, sewage and sanitation, waste management, water quality, water resources, wildlife and zoology. Expanded and merged with the Human Population and Natural Resource Management subfile. Content spans 1960 – present.